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Upgrade of three municipal wastewater treatment lagoons using a high surface area media

John WANG, Peng JIN, Paul L. BISHOP, Fuzhi LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 288-293 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0280-z

摘要： Lagoon-based municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are facing difficulties meeting the needs of rapid population growth as well as the more stringent requirements of discharge permits. Three municipal WWTPs were modified using a high surface area media with upgraded fine-bubble aeration systems. Performance data collected showed very promising results in terms of five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD ), ammonia (NH ) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal. Two-year average ammonia effluents were 4.1 mg·L for Columbia WWTP, 4 mg·L for Larchmont WWTP and 2.1 mg·L for Laurelville WWTP, respectively. Two- year average BOD effluents were 6.8, 4.9 and 2.7 mg·L , and TSS effluents were 15.0, 9.6 and 7.5 mg·L . The systems also showed low fecal coliform (FC) levels in their effluents.

关键词： wastewater lagoons     wastewater biological treatment     ammonia removal     high surface area media     fine bubble aeration    

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Immunogenicity and protective immunity against otitis media caused by pneumococcus in mice of Hib conjugate

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 490-498 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0470-y

摘要：

This study evaluated the immunogenicity and protective immunity of a Hemophilus influenzae b (Hib) polysaccharide conjugate vaccine with the pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) protein carrier in young mice. The Hib polysaccharide was conjugated with the rPsaA protein carrier, which was produced using recombinant DNA technology. A total of 15 young mice aged 3 weeks to 5 weeks were immunized with the conjugate vaccine, and another 15 young mice of the same age were immunized with the licensed Hib-tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccine. Furthermore, the third group of 15 young mice was inoculated with phosphate buffer saline as control. The immunized mice were inoculated with pneumococcus in the middle ear. Results showed that IgG antibody responses against both the PsaA protein and Hib polysaccharide were observed in the Hib-PsaA group. However, no statistical difference was observed in the titer of IgG against the Hib polysaccharide between Hib-PsaA and Hib-TT groups. The elimination rate of pneumococcus and the inflammation of the middle ear showed the effectiveness of protective immunity against otitis media caused by pneumococcus. Our results suggest that the Hib polysaccharide can be successfully conjugated with rPsaA via amide condensation. This new Hib-PsaA conjugate vaccine can induce both anti-PsaA and anti-Hib immune responses in young mice and elicit effective protection against acute otitis media caused by pneumococcus.

关键词： conjugate vaccine     pneumococcal surface adhesin A     Hemophilus influenzae b     immunogenicity     otitis media    

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Scientifically advanced woody media for improved water quality from livestock woodchip heavy-use areas

Laura Christianson, David DeVallance, Joshua Faulkner, Thomas Basden

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0909-7

摘要： Overwintering cattle on pastures in many areas can damage the pasture and lead to impaired water quality. During these times, use of a woodchip heavy-use area (HUA) presents advantages such as a soft, supportive, and dry foot surface for animals and protection of the pasture and pasture soils. However, woodchip HUAs can also be a centralized source of high nutrient loads due to their drainage outflows. A column study was conducted to assess the nutrient load reduction potential of: 1) six types of wood media (including torrefied wood media and biochar) that could be used in a woodchip HUA versus a gravel control, and 2) providing a 48 h retention time within the wood media to enhance nitrogen removal through denitrification. The woody media provided significant liquid waste volume reduction compared to the gravel in simulated events (53%–61% vs. 39% reductions, respectively), and there may be additional liquid storage capacity in the woodchips not utilized during these rapid events. Substantial total nitrogen removal by the wood treatments (mean removal efficiencies>50%) was observed across the simulated events, although nitrate leaching also occurred. Nitrate removal was enhanced during the 48 h retention test which showed removal was governed by availability of labile carbon (i.e., fresh woodchips exhibited>70% nitrate removal). The retention test also indicated biochar mixtures provided some of the best total phosphorus removal, but the greatest benefits across all parameters was provided by the Mixed Hardwood treatment.

关键词： Overwinter     Heavy-use area     Nutrient pollution     Torrefied     Woodchip    

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Genotoxicity evaluation of surface waters located in urban area of Xi’an City using

Yongjun LIU, Aining ZHANG, Xiaoyan MA, Xiaochang WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第6期   页码 860-866 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0462-3

摘要： In this study, micronucleus (MCN) and chromosome aberration (CA) tests in root tip cells were carried out in order to assess the water quality and the comprehensive genotoxic potential of surface waters located in the urban area of Xi’an City, China. For these evaluations, water samples from different surface waters (four rivers, two lakes, two biological treatment plant effluents) were collected, the ultra-pure water and methyl methanesulfonate solution was used as the negative and positive control, respectively. In our results, highly significant differences in MCN permillage (average number of micronuclei per 1000 cells), CA frequencies and PI (pollution index) values were found among three rivers and two WWTP effluents, the tested samples from two rivers caused the decrease of mitotic index over 22% compared with the negative control. No significant changes were observed in micronuclei and chromosome aberrations frequencies at one river and two lakes during the period of test (wet season). These results point out a poor state of the water quality and genotoxic activity of the main surface waters in Xi’an City. It is recommended to establish a monitoring program for the presence of genotoxic agents in these surface waters.

关键词： genotoxicity     surface water     evaluation     Vicia faba    

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Axisymmetric loading on nanoscale multilayered media

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 152-164 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0895-0

摘要： Multilayered nanoscale structures are used in several applications. Because the effect of surface energy becomes nontrivial at such a small scale, a modified continuum theory is required to accurately predict their mechanical behaviors. A Gurtin–Murdoch continuum model of surface elasticity is implemented to establish a computational scheme for investigating an elastic multilayered system under axisymmetric loads with the incorporation of surface/interface energy. Each layer stiffness matrix is derived based on the general solutions of stresses and displacements obtained in the form of the Hankel integral transform. Numerical solutions to the global equation, which are formulated based on the continuity conditions of tractions and displacements across interfaces between layers, yield the displacements at each layer interface and on the top surface of the multilayered medium. The numerical solutions indicate that the elastic responses of multilayered structures are affected significantly by the surface material properties of both the top surface and interfaces, and that they become size dependent. In addition, the indentation problem of a multilayered nanoscale elastic medium under a rigid frictionless cylindrical punch is investigated to demonstrate the application of the proposed solution scheme.

关键词： functionally graded layer     Gurtin–Murdoch surface elasticity     multilayered medium     size dependency     stiffness matrix    

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Cell surface protein engineering for high-performance whole-cell catalysts

Hajime Nakatani,Katsutoshi Hori

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第1期   页码 46-57 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1609-3

摘要： Cell surface protein engineering facilitated by accumulation of information on genome and protein structure involves heterologous production and modification of cell surface proteins using genetic engineering, and is important for the development of high-performance whole-cell catalysts. In this field, cell surface display is a major technology by exposing target proteins, such as enzymes, on the cell surface using a carrier protein. The target proteins are fused to the carrier proteins that transport and tether them to the cell surface, as well as to a secretion signal. This paper reviews cell surface display systems for prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells from the perspective of carrier proteins, which determine the number of displayed molecules, and the localization, size, and direction ( or terminal anchoring) of the passengers. We also discuss advanced methods for displaying multiple enzymes and a new method for the immobilization of whole-cell catalysts using adhesive surface proteins.

关键词： cell surface engineering     surface display     whole-cell catalysts     bioprocess    

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Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFASs) in surface and tap water around

Yong QIU, He JING, Hanchang SHI,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 301-310 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0236-8

摘要： Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are ubiquitously distributed in the environment mainly as perfluoro-carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFASs). In this paper, six PFCAs and two PFASs were quantified in surface and tap water samples from 12 sites around Lake Taihu near Shanghai City in East China. Predominant PFCs were perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), of which the concentration ranges were 6.8–206 and 1.2–45 ng·L, the geometric means were 35.3 and 9.4 ng·L, and the median (quartile range) values were 31.4 (34.4) and 10.4 (10.7) ng·L, respectively. Other PFCs were also detected but in much lower concentrations than PFOA. The sources of the PFCs were expected to be direct industrial discharges in the Lake Taihu area, and this area was also a possible source of PFCs contaminations in Shanghai district in the downstream. PFCs distributions were found different in the upstream, downstream and north part of Lake Taihu. Occurrences of PFCs in the tap water in Lake Taihu area indicated their exposure to the local people. A brief estimation of the environmental risks by PFCs implied no acute or immediate risks from PFCs to local human health, but chronic risks from PFOA in the tap water should be considered in the downstream regions.

关键词： surface and tap water     perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs)     perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFASs)     Lake Taihu area     ultra performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS)    

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Modeling agricultural non-point source pollution in a high-precipitation coastal area of China

Zhiyi LI,Pengfei DU,Haiwei HUANG,Yong Ge,Xu LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第6期   页码 922-928 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0720-7

摘要： Non-point source (NPS) pollution simulation in the high-precipitation coastal areas of China is difficult because varying annual typhoon incidence leads to highly contrasting rainfall patterns in dry years and wet years. An IMPULSE (Integrated Model of Non-point Sources Pollution Processes) based NPS model of the Changtan Reservoir watershed, which is a typical high-precipitation coastal area in China, was established based on the analysis of point and NPS pollution data, a digital elevation model, and data on land-use, soil, meteorology, economy, and agricultural management practice. Pre-processed pre-rainfall soil moisture levels were introduced during the simulation to model the effects of typhoons on hydrology. Rainfall events were simulated sequentially through the year and the model was calibrated and verified using hydrological and water quality data. Accuracy of the simulated rainfall runoff and water quality in the Changtan watershed was found to be acceptable. The study showed that the NPS modeling system could be applied to the simulation and prediction of NPS loadings in the Changtan Reservoir watershed.

关键词： Changtan Reservoir watershed     non-point source pollution modeling     pre-rainfall soil moisture     model calibration    

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Preparation of a novel anion exchange group modified hyper-crosslinked resin for the effective adsorption of both tetracycline and humic acid

Qing ZHOU, Mengqiao WANG, Aimin LI, Chendong SHUANG, Mancheng ZHANG, Xiaohan LIU, Liuyan WU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 412-419 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0483-6

摘要： A novel hyper-crosslinked resin (MENQ) modified with an anion exchange group was prepared using divinylbenzene (DVB) and methyl acrylate (MA) as comonomers via four steps: suspension polymerization, post-crosslinking, ammonolysis and alkylation reactions. The obtained resin had both a high specific surface area (793.34 m ·g ) and a large exchange capacity (strong base anion exchange capacity, SEC: 0.74 mmol·g , weak base anion exchange capacity, WEC: 0.45 mmol·g ). XAD-4 was selected as an adsorbent for comparison to investigate the adsorption behavior of tetracycline (TC) and humic acid (HA) onto the adsorbents. The results revealed that MENQ could effectively remove both TC and HA. The adsorption capacity of XAD-4 for TC was similar to that of MENQ, but XAD-4 exhibited poor performance for the adsorption of HA. The adsorption isotherms of TC and HA were well-fitted with the Freundlich model, which indicated the existence of heterogeneous adsorption through cation-π bonding and π–π interactions. The optimal solution condition for the adsorption of TC was at a pH of 5–6, whereas the adsorption of HA was enhanced with increasing pH of the solution.

关键词： high surface area     adsorption     anion exchange     micropollutant     dissolved organic matters    

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Optimization of the O/HO process with response surface methodology for pretreatment of mother liquor

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1371-5

摘要：

• Real ML-GFW with high salinity and high organics was degraded by O3/H2O2 process.

关键词： High salinity     High organic matters     Gas field wastewater     O3/H2O2     Response surface methodology    

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Transport of antibiotic resistance plasmids in porous media and the influence of surfactants

Peipei Chen, Chaoqi Chen, Xiqing Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0986-7

摘要： Transport of engineered antibiotic resistance plasmids in porous media has been reported to potentially cause significant spreading of antibiotic resistance in the environment. In this work, transport of an indigenous resistance plasmid pK5 in porous media was investigated through packed column experiments. At identical ionic strengths in CaCl solutions, the breakthroughs of pK5 from soil columns were very close to those from quartz sand columns, indicating that transport of pK5 in quartz sand and soil was similar. A similarity in transport behavior was also found between pK5 and an engineered plasmid pBR322 that has approximately the same number of base pairs as pK5. The influence of surfactants, a major group of constituents in soil solutions, was examined using an engineered plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)/myc-His A. The impact of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), was negligible at concentrations up to 200 mg·L . Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), a cationic surfactant, was found to significantly enhance plasmid adsorption at high concentrations. However, at environmentally relevant concentrations (<1 mg·L ), the effect of this surfactant was also minimal. The negligible impact of surfactants and the similarity between the transport of engineered and indigenous plasmids indicate that under environmentally relevant conditions, indigenous plasmids in soil also have the potential to transport over long distances and lead to the spreading of antibiotic resistance.

关键词： Indigenous plasmid     Transport     Porous media     Surfactants    

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Simulation of heterogeneous two-phase media using random fields and level sets

George STEFANOU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 114-120 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0267-5

摘要： The accurate and efficient simulation of random heterogeneous media is important in the framework of modeling and design of complex materials across multiple length scales. It is usually assumed that the morphology of a random microstructure can be described as a non-Gaussian random field that is completely defined by its multivariate distribution. A particular kind of non-Gaussian random fields with great practical importance is that of translation fields resulting from a simple memory-less transformation of an underlying Gaussian field with known second-order statistics. This paper provides a critical examination of existing random field models of heterogeneous two-phase media with emphasis on level-cut random fields which are a special case of translation fields. The case of random level sets, often used to represent the geometry of physical systems, is also examined. Two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the basic features of the different approaches.

关键词： microstructure     random fields     level sets     shape recovery     two-phase media    

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Prediction on CO

Kaiwen HUANG, Ao LI, Bing XIA, Tao DING

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 746-759 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0635-2

摘要： Carbonation of concrete is a process which absorbs carbon dioxide (CO ). Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) may own greater potential in CO uptake due to the faster carbonation rate than natural aggregate concrete (NAC). A quantitative model was employed to predict the CO uptake of RAC in this study. The carbonation of RAC and the specific surface area of recycled coarse aggregates (RCAs) were tested to verify accuracy of the quantitative model. Based on the verified model, results show that the CO uptake capacity increases with the increase of RCA replacement percentage. The CO uptake amount of 1 m C30 RAC within 50 years is 10.6, 13.8, 17.2, and 22.4 kg when the RCA replacement percentage is 30%, 50%, 70%, and 100%, respectively. The CO uptake by RCAs is remarkable and reaches 35.8%–64.3% of the total CO uptake by RAC when the RCA storage time being 30 days. Considering the fact that the amount of old hardened cement paste in RCAs is limited, there is an upper limit for the CO uptake of RCAs.

关键词： RAC     CO2 uptake     carbonation     specific surface area     RCA    

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主动源在高频被动源面波测量中的应用 Article

程逢,夏江海,沈超,胡悦,徐宗博,宓彬彬

《工程（英文）》 2018年 第4卷 第5期   页码 685-693 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.08.003

摘要： 我们称其为“混合源面波”（mixed-source surface-wave，MSW）测量。在记录的时间序列中分别应用了空间自相关（spatial autocorrelation，SPAC）法与基于互相关的被动源面波多道分析方法（multichannel analysis of passive surface

关键词： 被动源面波     主动源面波     高频     混合源面波     空间自相关     被动源面波多道分析    

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以“区域协同”推动秦巴山区更高质量发展的对策建议

孙志燕,施戍杰

《中国工程科学》 2020年 第22卷 第1期   页码 25-31 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.01.004

摘要：

秦巴山区是我国11 个连片贫困区之一且生态价值极为突出，区域实现更高质量发展具有重要意义。本文在系统调研区域内地级市经济社会发展情况的基础上，重点对环秦巴山区域不同发展水平的城市空间相关性、产业结构的相似度进行定量分析。结果表明，区域内中心城市的辐射带动作用较弱，与贫困落后地区尚未形成联动发展；区域内产业高度同质化成为制约内生经济增长动力的瓶颈因素；基于行政区的发展模式使得区域的生态屏障功能被过度“碎片化”，导致区域生态环境压力加大。建议着眼于秦巴山脉生态系统的整体性，转变发展理念，突破一地一域的行政限制和条块分割，加强国家层面的顶层设计和战略引导，以“协同”为核心来推动区域更高质量发展。

关键词： 秦巴山区     区域协同     高质量发展     生态资产    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Upgrade of three municipal wastewater treatment lagoons using a high surface area media

John WANG, Peng JIN, Paul L. BISHOP, Fuzhi LI

期刊论文

Immunogenicity and protective immunity against otitis media caused by pneumococcus in mice of Hib conjugate

null

期刊论文

Scientifically advanced woody media for improved water quality from livestock woodchip heavy-use areas

Laura Christianson, David DeVallance, Joshua Faulkner, Thomas Basden

期刊论文

Genotoxicity evaluation of surface waters located in urban area of Xi’an City using

Yongjun LIU, Aining ZHANG, Xiaoyan MA, Xiaochang WANG

期刊论文

Axisymmetric loading on nanoscale multilayered media

期刊论文

Cell surface protein engineering for high-performance whole-cell catalysts

Hajime Nakatani,Katsutoshi Hori

期刊论文

Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFASs) in surface and tap water around

Yong QIU, He JING, Hanchang SHI,

期刊论文

Modeling agricultural non-point source pollution in a high-precipitation coastal area of China

Zhiyi LI,Pengfei DU,Haiwei HUANG,Yong Ge,Xu LI

期刊论文

Preparation of a novel anion exchange group modified hyper-crosslinked resin for the effective adsorption of both tetracycline and humic acid

Qing ZHOU, Mengqiao WANG, Aimin LI, Chendong SHUANG, Mancheng ZHANG, Xiaohan LIU, Liuyan WU

期刊论文

Optimization of the O/HO process with response surface methodology for pretreatment of mother liquor

期刊论文

Transport of antibiotic resistance plasmids in porous media and the influence of surfactants

Peipei Chen, Chaoqi Chen, Xiqing Li

期刊论文

Simulation of heterogeneous two-phase media using random fields and level sets

George STEFANOU

期刊论文

Prediction on CO

Kaiwen HUANG, Ao LI, Bing XIA, Tao DING

期刊论文

主动源在高频被动源面波测量中的应用

程逢,夏江海,沈超,胡悦,徐宗博,宓彬彬

期刊论文

以“区域协同”推动秦巴山区更高质量发展的对策建议

孙志燕,施戍杰

期刊论文